Hammer



Patented May 6, 1924. v

UNITED STATES CHARLES o. 'SWANGREN, or MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS.

HA1VIMER.

Application filed August 30, 1922. Serial N0.'585,1-64,

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES O. SWAN- GREN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Maywood, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in a class of machinists hammers which are provided with one or more working faces of soft metal, and'are thereby adapted for use in doing certain kinds of work in which it is necessary to avoid injury to the finish of the surface upon which the hammer is used. Heretofore, in hammers of this type,

it has been usual to secure to the hammer head the block of lead or soft metal alloy upon which the working face is formed by forming the head with an undercut or dovetailed recess and casting the soft metal portion upon the head in such manner that the metal will enter the recess. This, however, does not permit ready replacement of the soft metal member when it has become battered and misshapen from use, and it is the object of my invention to provide a hammer having a soft metal striking member,

(or two such members, which may be of different degrees of hardness) so formed and so related to the iron or steel body member that the striking member will remain in secure engagement therewith while in use, but may be readily removed to permit a new striking member to be substituted when the desired to adapt the hammer for a different sort of Work. To this end I have devised and invented the hammer shown inthe accompanying drawings and hereinafter described in detail, and my invention resides in the particular form, construction and arrangement of the body of the hammerv and the soft metal member or members with relation to each other, as more particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood, nevertheless, that variations in size and proportions are possible without departure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

In the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification, Figure l is aside View, partly in section, of a preferred form of my novel hammer'havin-g one hammer body provided with a lateral striking mem her, and at the other end of the handle first has become worn from use, or when it is having a hammer body .provided with an end striking member; Fig. Q-is-aiface view of one hammer head; Fig. 3 a vieW-ofthebody member of the hammer with the-soft metal striking head removed, showing the formation of the socket for the receptionof such removable member; Fig. 4: a new striking head partially forced into locked engagement with the body -member-of a double headed. hammer having opposite lateral striking faces; and Fig. 5 the=lower portion of a new head. The same reference charactersindicate the same parts in allthefigures of the drawing. in the preferred form-offlefmbodiment of my invention illustrated in Figure 1', the handle a and hammer bodies 1 .and 1 at opposite ends thereof are integrally formed of a suitable strong, hard metal, as steel or malleable iron, and one of the'bodies is formed with a lateral socket for the1inser tion of the removable member while the other is provided with similar socket facing endwise of the handle. Preferably the laterally disposed-hammer body-1 is formed on the sideopposite the socket-fortheremo'vablestriking head with a striking nose]; for occasional use when a ha rd-facedham mer may be required.

The hammer bodies 1 andil ar'e of the same construction (excepting in the respects As shown inzFigs. .1 .and; 3,, thehammer body 1 (or 1 )'is for-med withifourside faces 2, and is approximatelysquare in cross-section, withthe edges between the side faces somewhat rounded. 'Transversely of the side faces the-body is formed with aseat for the reception of the replaceable soft metal striking head 3, which is formed with side faces 4 tapering from the adjoining side faces of the hammer body towards the striking face .5.

The seat or socket in the hammerbody has at the bottom a central very-obtuse conical face 6 whio'his surrounded by an annular groove formed withan inner conical face 7 and a concentric outer conical face 8 which are nearly but .not quite parallel-and which both incline inwardly towardsthe top, the outer face making a moregacute anglewith the. axis than'the inner. The outer face 8 terminates somewhat above the level of the intersecting faces 6 and 7, and meets at a circular line of intersection a cylindrical face 8 which extends upwardly to an intersecting obtusely conical face 9 which extends outwardly and upwardly towards the side faces 2 of the body. The periphery of the face 9 in the present instance touches the side faces centrally, and adjacent the side edges of the hammer body the four portions 9 of the seat outside the periphery of the face 9 lie in a plane which is normal to the axis of the conical faces.

The striking head 3 in its finished form ready for application to the hammer body is formed with a lower cylindrical flange 3 (see Fig. 5) having cylindrical inner and outer side faces marked 10 and 11, respectively, the recess bounded by the inner face 10 being of thesame diameter as the top of the conical face 7 of the seat, and the cylinder bounded by the outer face being of the same diameter as the cylindrical face 8 of the seat. The top of the face 10 intersects the periphery of a central circular plane face 12 at a distance from the bottom of the flange at least equal to the vertical depth of the groove in the seat. The top of the face 11 intersects the circular inner line of a conical face 13 which extends toward the outer faces 1 of the striking head and intersect transverse plane faces outside the periphery of the face 13, such conical and plane faces of the head being complementary of the faces 9 and 9 of the seat.

The faces 10 and 11 of the striking head are of such length that when the head is fully seated in the body the faces 9 and 13 will come into contact and the jointbetween the body and head will present opposite straight lines between the side faces 2 and 4. The' head will be'locked to the body, however, by a slight spreading of the flange 8 before this occurs, and after the beginning of this locking engagement, when the head is forced into the socket to the position shown in Fig. 4, the apex of the face 6 of the hammer body will come into contact with the center of the face 12 of the head, thereafter forcing the metal of the head to spread radially and assisting in causing the lower portion of its outer face 11 to tightly engage the outer face f the seat in the head. The hammer may be put into service as soon as the striking head is initially locked, and as it is used the impact of the blows acting through the conical faces 6 and 7 will spread the metal of the head outwardly, and wedge the flange 3 into the groove of the socket, under the inclined face 8*, so that every blow of the hammer will serve to tighten it up the more firmly. In this manner the head is gradually driven from the position shown in Fig. 4 to that shown in Fig. 1. After the head is fully seated the oblique or dished face 9 of the hammer body will tend to force the metal of the head inwardly along the joint between the faces 9 and 13, and to a considerable extent will prevent it from spreading out at the outer line of the joint under the impact of the hammer blows.

In Figure 4 I have shown a hammer having a body-formed to receive opposite laterally arranged striking heads such as above described, and as above mentioned have illustrated the position of anew head which has just been inserted and forced into initial locking engagement. When fully seated as the result of service sufiicient to effect that result, the joint between the body and head will be entirely closed and the inner portions of the head spread into close contact with the seat at all points, as shown in Figure 1. It Will be understood that in either of the two forms of hammer illustrated the removable heads may be of different degrees of hardness, one being made. of soft copper, for instance, and the other of Babbitt metal.

When it is desired to remove a worn striking head to replace it by a new one the ham mer body may be securely clamped in a vise and a suitable straight edged tool applied successively to opposite sides of the head along the joint between the members, and by a few blows of a hammer, first on one side and then on the other, the head may be easily and quickly removed. The facility with which the striking heads may be removed and replaced, in connection with the provision for the use of two heads of different degrees of hardness in one hammer, adapt the hammer for a great variety of work.

I claim:

1. The combination of a hard metal hammer body having a seat formed with a groove extending below a central face and having inclined faces at the sides of the groove, and a. soft metal striking head having a central recess circumscribed by a project-ing flange adapted to be spread into locking engagement with said inclined side faces of the groove.

2. The combination of a hard metal hammer body having a seat formed with a groove extending below a'central face and having inclined conical faces at the sides of the groove, and a soft metal striking head having a central recess circumscribed by a projecting cylindrical flange adapted to initially register with the top of said groove and be spread into locking engagement with said inclined side faces of the groove.

3. The combination of a hard metal hammer body formed with a grooved sea-t having inclined conical faces at the sides of the groove, the face of the seat within the inner face of the groove being obtuselyconical, and a soft metal striking head having a cylindrical flange adapted to initially register with the top of said groove and be spread into locking engagement with such inclined faces.

4. The combination of a hard metal hammer body formed with a grooved seat having inclined faces at the sides of the groove, and a soft metal striking head having a flange adapted to be spread into locking engagement With such inclined faces, said body and head having complementary faces intersecting the outer faces of said groove and said flange respectively and dished towards the center of the hammer body.

5. In combination with a hard metal hammer body formed with a seat having an outer dished face and an intersecting cylindrical face and opposite conical faces connected by a bottom wall forming an annular groove and having an obtusely conical central face, a soft metal striking head having at its seating side a complementary dished outer face and intersecting cylindrical faces connected by a bottom face forming a flange arranged to register with the top of said groove and having a plane central portion.

6. The combination of a hard metal hammer body formed with seating faces including an outer dished face and a concentric locking groove, and a soft metal striking head formed with a complementary dished outer face and a rounded central portion having a flange arranged to cooperate with said locking groove.

7. A combined hammer body and striking head according to claim 6 having its members formed with opposite plane side faces, and the joint between the parts arranged to present opposite straight lines externally.

8. A hammer of the character described and having an integrally formed handle and and having an integrally formed handle and hammer body at the opposite ends thereof,

one hammer body being formed with a laterally arranged seat, and a lateral striking nose opposite said seat and the other hammer body being formed with an end seat, and soft metal striking heads removably secured in said seats. I

10. The combination of a hard metal hammer body formed with a grooved seat-having inclined conical faces at the sides of the groove, the face of the seat within the inner face of the groove being axially slightly elevated and arranged to produce a radial spreading action, and a soft metal striking head having a cylindrical flange adapted to initially register with the top of said groove and be spread into locking engagement with such inclined faces, the center of the face within said flange being arranged to impinge upon the axially elevated portion of the central face of the hammer body.

11. A soft metal striking head for a hard metal hammer body, said head having a reduced cylindrical extension provided with a central recess circumscribed by a projecting flange adapted to be spread into locking engagement when engaged with inclined side faces of a conical annular groove in a seat in the hammer body.

12. A soft metal striking head for a hard metal hammer body, said striking head having a reduced cylindrical extension provided with a central recess circumscribed by a projecting cylindrical flange adapted to initially register with the top of a groove in a seat in the hammer body and be spread into locking engagement when engaged with inclined side faces of the groove.

CHARLES O. SWANGREN. 

